1952 * kunṛam onṛeḍuttu ēndi * māmaḻai

 anṛu kātta ammān ** arakkarai

 venṛa villiyār * vīramē kolō? *

 tenṛal vandu * tī vīsum en seyhēn?      

Parakāla Nāyakī laments: “Is it because of the might of the Lord who held up the Govardhana Hills to protect His devotees (the cows and the cowherd men) from the torrential rains and who wields a bow with which He annihilated the asuras that the spring breeze is blowing hot? Alas! What to do?”     

1953 kārum vārpanik * kaḍalum annavan *

 tārum mārvamum * kaṇḍadaṇḍamō? **

 sōrumāmugil * tuḷiyinūḍu vandu *

 īravāḍai tān * īrum ennaiyē            

“The cold wind has absorbed further cold from the raindrops in the rain clouds and is harassing me; Am I being taught a lesson because I desired to see the beauty of the Lord’s chest adorned with tulasī garland which resembles the cold rain cloud and the vast ocean? (The cold wind and the raindrops are pleasing to the non-devotees but devotees do not think about material pleasures and tribulations).”

1954 saṅgum māmaiyum * taḷarum mēni mēl *

 tiṅgaḷ veṅgkadir * sīṛum en seyhēn? **

 poṅgu veṇtiraip * puṇari vaṇṇanār *

 koṅgalārndadār * kūvum ennaiyē           

“When my bangles have slipped and my body hue has drained the cruel rays of the moon singe my body; the spreading fragrance of the tulasī garland adorned by the Lord of ocean-hue challenges me (to resist the desire to see it).”

1955 aṅgōr āykkulattuḷ * vaḷarndu senṛu *

 aṅgōr * tāy uruvāhi vandavaḷ **

 koṅgai nañjuṇḍa * kōyinmai kolō? *

 tiṅgaḷ veṅgkadir * sīṛuhinṛadē           

“Is it because of the might of the Lord—who sucked the poison smeared on the breast of the demon who came in the form of a mother when He was growing covertly in the loving cowherd community—that the cruel rays of the moon singe me (as a  punishment)?”  

1956 aṅgōr āḷariyāy * avuṇanai *

 paṅgamā * iru kūṛu seydavan **

 maṅgul māmadi * vāṅgavē kolō? *

 poṅgu mākaḍal * pulambuhinṛadē           

“Is it because the Lord—who appeared as Nṛsiṁhadeva and split the chest of the demon Hiraṇyakaśipu—took away the moon, shining in the sky, from it that the stormy ocean roars (When the Milky Ocean was churned moon also appeared from the    ocean)?”

1957 senṛu vārsilai vaḷaittu * ilaṅgaiyai

 venṛa villiyār * vīramē kolō? **

 munṛil peṇṇai mēl * muḷarik kūṭṭagattu *

 anṛilin kural * aḍarum ennaiyē            

“Is it because of the might of the bow-wielding Lord—who crossed the ocean and destroyed Laṅkā bending His bow (and shooting arrows)—that the (sad) call of the (lonely) glossy Ibis resting in a nest of lotus flowers on the palm tree is tormenting me (as a punishment)?”[1]

1958 pūvai vaṇṇanār * puḷḷin mēl vara *

 mēvi ninṛu nān * kaṇḍadaṇḍamō? **

 vīvil aiṅgaṇai * villi ambu kōttu *

āviyē * ilakkāha eyvadē!            

“Is the Cupid torturing my soul by shooting the flower arrows incessantly as a punishment for lovingly looking at the ironwood flower-hued Lord when He appeared sitting on the back of Garuḍa?”  

1959 māl inantuḻāy * varum en neñjagam *

 mālin antuḻāy * vandu ennuḷ puga **

 kōlavāḍaiyum * koṇḍu vandadōr *

 āli vandadāl * aridu kāvalē           

“When my heart was searching for the Lord everywhere, I remembered His lovely tulasī garland; alas! That brought the cold breeze; now I will not be able to save my life (from the torture of His memory).”      

1960 keṇḍaiyoṇ kaṇum tuyilum * en niṛam

 paṇḍu paṇḍu pōl okkum * mikka sīrt

 toṇḍar iṭṭa * pūntuḷavin vāsamē *

 vaṇḍu koṇḍu vandu * ūdumāhilē           

“If the bumblebee brings and blows near me the fragrance of the tulasī garland offered (to the Lord) by pure devotees, then my grass carp fish-like eyes will close in sleep and my (pale) body will get back its original hue.”

1961 * anṛu bhāradattu * aivar tūdanāy *

 senṛa māyanaic * ceṅgaṇ mālinai **

 manṛilār pugaḻ * maṅgai vāṭkali

 kanṛi * sol vallārkku * allal illaiyē      

“Those who can recite these songs rendered by Tirumaṅgaiyāḻvār whose glories are widespread; who is the chief of Tirumaṅgai, and possesses a sword, about the incredible Lord who went as a messenger of the Pāṇḍavas before Mahābhārata war and who has reddish eyes will not suffer from any misery.”

[1] Glossy Ibis: Plegadis falcinellus

1962 * kunṛam eḍuttu maḻai taḍuttu * iḷaiyāroḍum *

 manṛil kuravai piṇainda māl * ennai māl seydān **

 munṛil tani ninṛa peṇṇai mēl * kiḍandīrhinṛa *

 anṛilin kūṭṭaip * pirikka kiṛpavar ār kolō?        

Parakāla Nāyakī laments: “Kaṇṇan, who held Govardhana Hills as an umbrella and protected (the cows) from the rains and who performed the rāsa dance clasping the hands of lovely damsels has enchanted me; alas! Is there anybody who can chase away the glossy ibis bird that is torturing me sitting in the nest on the solitary palm tree in the front yard?”     

1963 pūṅgurundu osittu ānai kāyndu * arimāc ceguttu *

 āṅgu vēḻattin kombu koṇḍu * vanpēy mulai

 vāṅgi uṇḍa ** avvāyan niṛka * ivvāyan vāy *

 ēṅgu vēyṅgkuḻal * ennōḍu āḍum iḷamaiyē             

“While Kaṇṇan, who broke the Indian frankincense tree; who tamed the seven demoniac bulls; who killed the horse demon; who broke the tusk of the demoniac elephant; who has the lips with which He sucked the breast of Pūtanā demon neglects me, the flute played by the mouth of that Gopāla Kṛṣṇa makes my heart flutter.”[1]

1964 malloḍu kañjanum tuñja * venṛa maṇivaṇṇan *

 allimalart taṇtuḻāy * ninaindirundēnaiyē **

 elliyil mārudam vandaḍum * aduvanṛiyum *

 kollai vallēṭṛin maṇiyum * kōyinmai seyyumē            

“While I contemplate on the garland of cool tulasī leaves of the blue sapphire gemstone-hued Kaṇṇan, not only the evening breeze but also the sound of the bells on the neck of the strong bulls, returning from the grazing grounds, torments me.”    

19ங்5 porundu māmaram * ēḻum eyda punidanār *

 tirundu sēvaḍi * en manattu ninaidoṛum **

 karuntaṇ mākaḍal * kaṅgul ārkkum aduvanṛiyum *

 varunda vāḍai varum * idaṛku ini en seyhēn?            

“Whenever I think of the richly luminous lotus feet of the pure Lord (Rāma) who pierced the seven strong sal trees with a single arrow, the dark, cool, and vast ocean roars all night; moreover, the chill breeze that blows makes me sad; what can I do for this?”  

1966 annai munivadum * anṛilin kural īrvadum *

 mannu maṛikaḍal ārppadum * vaḷai sōrvadum **

 ponnaṅgkalai algul * anna mennaḍaip pūṅguḻal *

 pinnai maṇāḷar * tiṛattamāyina pinnaiyē              

“The angry words of (my) mother, the torture of the call of the glossy ibis bird, the noise of the stormy ocean, and the slipping of the bangles, all these occurred only after falling in love with Kaṇṇan, consort of Nappinnai whose slim waist is decorated with lovely golden saree; whose gait is like that of the swan, and whose hair is decorated with flowers.”    

1967 āḻiyum saṅgum uḍaiya * naṅgaḷ aḍigaḷ tām *

 pāḻimaiyāna kanavil * nammaip pagarvittār **

 tōḻiyum nānum oḻiya * vaiyam tuyinṛadu *

 kōḻiyum kūginṛadillai * kūriruḷ āyiṭṛē!             

“My Lord who wields the disc and the conch has caused a dream of our union and made me lament like this; the entire world, except my friend and me, is asleep; the cock is silent; it’s the tormenting night still!” 

1968 kāman tanakku muṛai allēn * kaḍal vaṇṇanār *

 māmaṇavāḷar * enakkut tānum magan sollil **

 yāmaṅgaḷ tōṛu eri vīsum * enniḷam koṅgaihaḷ *

 māmaṇi vaṇṇar * tiṛattavāy vaḷarhinṛavē             

“I don’t have to be tortured by Cupid, because the ocean-hued Kaṇṇan is my lovable consort, (so) Cupid becomes my son; and, yet he keeps inducing the scorching lust; and my tender breasts long for (the touch of) the blue sapphire gemstone-hued Lord.”      

1969 mañjuṛu māliruñjōlai * ninṛa maṇāḷanār *

 neñjam niṛai koṇḍu pōyinār * ninaihinṛilar **

veñjuḍar pōy viḍiyāmal * evviḍam pukkadō! *

 nañju uḍalam tuyinṛāl * namakku ini nalladē            

“The Lord, who eternally resides in the sky-high mountain of Tirumāliruñjōlai, has deprived me of my feminity and has forgotten me; the cruel sun has hidden somewhere and is not rising at all; it will be better if my body withers and falls.”  

1970 kāman kaṇaikku ōr ilakkamāy * nalattin mihu *

 pūmaru kōla * nam peṇmai sindittirādu pōy **

 tūmalar nīrkoḍu * tōḻi! nām toḻudu ēttināl *

 kārmugil vaṇṇaraik * kaṇgaḷāl kāṇalām kolō?             

“Come, my friend! Since I have been afflicted by Cupid’s arrows, instead of remaining here to protect my feminity which is (of course) desirable and lovely, if we go and worship the rain-cloud-hued Lord with fresh flowers and water, will we be able to see Him?”

1971 * venṛi viḍaiyuḍan * ēḻaḍartta aḍigaḷai *

 manṛil malipugaḻ * maṅgaiman kalikanṛi sol **

 onṛu ninṛa onbadum * uraippavar taṅgaḷ mēl *

 enṛum nillā vinai * onṛum sollil ulagilē 

“Those who can recite these ten songs rendered by Tirumaṅgaiyāḻvār, whose glories are widespread and who is the chief of Tirumaṅgai, about the incredible Lord who easily tamed the seven ever-victorious bulls, will not be afflicted by karmic reactions; in fact, karmic reactions will not afflict even the place they live.”

[1] Indian frankincense tree: Boswellia serrata

1972 * mannilaṅgu bhāratattut * tēr ūrndu * māvaliyaip

 ponnilaṅgu tiṇ vilaṅgil vaittu * porukaḍal sūḻ **

 tennilaṅgai īḍaḻitta * devarkku idu kāṇīr *

 ennilaṅgu saṅgōḍu * eḻil tōṭṛirundēnē    

Parakāla Nāyakī continues to lament: “Look at this; I have lost my bright bangles and my charm to the Lord who drove a chariot (of Arjuna to victory) in Mahābhārata war fought by a multitude of kings; who arrested and bound king Bali by strong golden chains, and who destroyed the glory of the city of Laṅkā surrounded by a stormy ocean.”        

1973 irundān en uḷḷattu iṛaivan * kaṛai sēr

 paruntāṭkaḷiṭṛukku * aruḷ seyda seṅgkaṇ **

 peruntōḷ neḍumālaip * pēr pāḍi āḍa *

 varundādu en koṅgai * oḷi mannum annē!       

“The Supreme Personality of Godhead who delivered the stout-legged elephant king and has glorious shoulders resides in my heart; my dear friend, singing His holy names and dancing, my sadness is gone and my breasts have regained their glow!”  

1974 annē! ivarai aṛivan * maṛai nāṅgum

 munnē uraitta * munivar ivar vandu **

 ponnēy vaḷai kavarndu * pōhār manam puhundu *

 ennē? ivar eṇṇum * eṇṇam aṛiyōmē         

“O dear friend! I know this gentleman; He is the sage who revealed the four Vedas to Brahmā; desiring my bangles, He came to me, entered my heart, and is not leaving; I don’t know what’s in His mind.”

1975 aṛiyōmē enṛu * uraikkalāmē? emakku *

 veṛiyār poḻil sūḻ * viyan kuḍandai mēvi **

 siṛiyān ōr piḷḷaiyāy * meḷḷa naḍandiṭṭu *

 uṛiyār naṛuveṇṇey * uṇḍuhandār tammaiyē      

“Is it right on my part to say that I do not know this gentleman who resides in divine Kumbakōṇam surrounded by fragrant groves and who as a small boy stealthily walked and gobbled up happily the fragrant butter stored in pots kept in the rope hangars?”   

1976 tammaiyē nāḷum * vaṇaṅgit toḻuvārkku *

 tammaiyē okka * aruḷ seyvar ādalāl **

 tammaiyē nāḷum * vaṇaṅgit toḻudiṛaiñji *

 tammaiyē paṭṛā * manattu enṛum vaittōmē   

“Since He will give His auspicious qualities to those who always worship Him with humility, we are determined to worship and pay obeisances to Him daily and accept Him as our only shelter.”  

1977 vaittār aḍiyār * manattinil vaittu * inbam uyttār

oḷivisumbil * ōraḍi vaittu ** ōraḍikkum

 eyttādu maṇṇenṛu * imaiyōr toḻudiṛaiñji *

 kaittāmarai kuvikkum * kaṇṇan en kaṇṇanaiyē      

“When the Lord raised one lotus foot above the sky full of luminaries, the demigods worshipped it and folded their hands like a lotus bud and said, ‘the earth is not sufficient for anther lotus feet.’ The devotees fixed (that) lotus feet of my Kaṇṇan, dear to me as my eyes, in their hearts and attained bliss.”   

1978 kaṇṇan manattuḷḷē niṛkavum * kaivaḷaihaḷ

 ennō kaḻanṛa? * ivai enna māyaṅgaḷ? **

 peṇṇānōm * peṇmaiyōm niṛka * avan mēya

 aṇṇal malaiyum * araṅgamum pāḍōmē     

“Even though Kaṇṇan resides in my heart, why do my bangles slip away? What magic is this? As a girl, we have kept our femininity guarded; well, is there any restriction for us to sing about the Lord’s favourite abodes, the Veṅkaṭa Hills and Śrīraṅgam?”     

1979 pāḍōmē? endai perumānai * pāḍi ninṛu

 āḍōmē? āyiram pērānai * pēr ninaindu

 sūḍōmē? ** sūḍum tuḻāyalaṅgal * sūḍi nām

 kūḍōmē? * kūḍak kuṛippāgil  nanneñjē!       

“O my good heart! Won’t we sing the praise of the Lord? Won’t we dance singing the praise of that Lord who has a thousand holy names? Contemplating on His holy names won’t we wear the garland of tulasī leaves adorned by Him? Wearing that garland won’t we unite with Him if He desires it?”

1980 nanneñjē! namperumān * nāḷum inidamarum *

 annam sēr kānal * aṇiyāli kai toḻudu **

 munnam sēr valvinaihaḷ * pōga mugilvaṇṇan *

 ponnañjēr sēvaḍi mēl * pōdaṇiyap peṭṛōmē    

“O my good heart! Worshipping the jewel of this world, Tiruvāli where many pairs of swans live on the fields adjoining the ocean and which is the favourite abode of our Lord, and by smelling the flowers on the most desirable lotus feet of the rain cloud-hued Lord we have become fortunate so that our past sinful reactions are eliminated.”    

1981 * peṭṛārār * āyiram pērānaip * pēr pāḍap

 peṭṛān * kaliyan olisey tamiḻ mālai **

 kaṭṛār ō!  muṭṛulagāḷvar * ivai kēṭkal

 uṭṛārkku * uṛutuyar illai ulagattē     

“Those who can learn and recite these garland of  Tamiḻ songs rendered by Tirumaṅgaiyāḻvār, who glorified the one thousand names of the Lord, will not only rule the world but also attain the Lord; those who hear these songs will not be afflicted by miseries anywhere in this world.”

1982 * nilaiyiḍam eṅgum inṛi neḍuveḷḷam umbar * vaḷanāḍu mūḍa imaiyōr *

 talaiyiḍa maṭṛemakku ōr saraṇ illai enna * araṇāvan ennum aruḷāl **

 alaikaḍalnīr kuḻamba agaḍāḍa oḍi * agalvānuriñja * muduhil

 malaihaḷai mīdu koṇḍu varu mīnai mālai * maṛavādu iṛaiñju en mananē!    

“O my heart! When mahā-pralaya waters flooded the opulent regions of the demigods and they were forced to wander without a shelter, they bowed down (to the Lord) and begged, ‘We don’t have any shelter other than Your lotus feet,’ accepting their surrender, the Lord appeared as a huge Matsya, churning the stormy ocean water, splashing the water and spraying the higher planets, and carrying the seven mountains (on top of which the demigods built their residences); don’t ever forget to worship Him.”    

1983 serumihu vāḷeyiṭṛa aravonṛu suṭṛit * tisai maṇṇum viṇṇum uḍanē *

 veruvara veḷḷai veḷḷam muḻudum kuḻamba * imaiyōrhaḷ ninṛu kaḍaiya **

 paruvarai onṛu ninṛu muduhil parandu * suḻalak kiḍandu tuyilum *

 aruvarai anna tanmai aḍal āmai āna * tirumāl namakku ōr araṇē     

“Coiling the strong serpent Vāsuki with sparkling teeth as the rope, while those in all directions on the earth and in celestial planets were trembling in fear, churning the Milk Ocean with Mandara Mountain as the rod positioned on His back, the Lord in the mighty tortoise form slept, lying like a big mountain; that Lord is our matchless protector.”        

1984 tīdaṛu tiṅgaḷ poṅgu suḍarumbar umbar * ulagēḻinōḍum uḍanē *

 mādira maṇ sumanda vaḍakunṛum ninṛa * malaiyāṛum ēḻukaḍalum **

 pādamar sūḻ kuḷambina kamaṇḍalattin * orupāl oḍuṅga vaḷarsēr *

 ādimun ēnamāhi araṇāya mūrtti * adu nammai āḷum arasē    

“Blemishless moon, fiery hot sun, the demigods, the seven upper planetary systems, the directions, Mount Meru and the other six mountains, and the seven oceans were contained inside one hoof of the massive, cause of all causes, boar incarnation; that Lord who stood as the protector is our master.”   

1985 taḷaiyaviḻ kōdai mālai irupāl tayaṅga * erikānṛiraṇḍu taṛukaṇ *

 aḷaveḻa vemmai mikka ariyāgi anṛu * pariyōn sinaṅgaḷaviḻa **

 vaḷaiyugirāḷi moymbin maṛavōnatāgam * madiyādu senṛorugirāl *

 piḷaveḻa viṭṭa kuṭṭamadu vaiyamūḍu * perunīrin mummai peridē      

“When the Lord appeared in the huge, terrible form of Nṛsiṁhadeva with His eyes emitting fire and adorned with a garland of just bloomed bright flowers, and very easily split with His nail the mighty and envious body of Hiraṇyakaśipu who possessed curved nails, destroying his hatred for the Lord and His devotees, the blood that spurted out was three times more than the pralaya water that floods this world.”    

1986 ventiṛal vāṇan vēḷviyiḍam eydi * aṅgu ōr kuṛaḷāhi meymmai uṇara *

 sentoḻil veda nāvin muniyāhi * vaiyam aḍi mūnṛu irandu peṛinum **

 mandiramīdu pōgi madi ninṛu iṛaiñja * malarōn vaṇaṅga vaḷar sēr *

 andaram ēḻinūḍu sela uytta pādamadu * nammai āḷum arasē    

“The Lord went as the charming Vāmanadeva to the sacrificial arena of the immensely strong king Bali, chanting the Vedic mantras to convince him that the Lord was a poor Vedic scholar and begged for three feet of land; then, as Lord Trivikrama, He extended His lotus foot beyond the coverings of the world, worshipped by the moon and Brahmā, and above the seven planetary systems; His lotus feet are our protector.”  

1987 irunila mannar tammai irunālum eṭṭum * orunālum onṛum uḍanē *

 serunudalūḍu pōhi avar āvi maṅga * maḻuvāḷil venṛa tiṛalōn **

 perunila maṅgai mannar malarmaṅgai nādar * pulamaṅgai kēḷvar pugaḻ sēr *

 perunilam uṇḍu umiḻnda peruvāyarāhi avar * nammai āḷvar peridē    

“The mighty Lord (Paraśurāma) annihilated twenty-one generations of kings of this vast world on the battlefield; He is the consort of śrī, bhū and nīlā - mother earth, mother Lakṣmī, and mother Nīlā; He is very glorious; He has a large mouth with which He swallows all the planets and later brings them out; that Lord is our eternal ruler.”  

1988 ilaimali paḷḷi eydi idu māyam enna * inamāya mān pin eḻil sēr *

 alaimali vēṛkaṇāḷai agalvippadaṛku * ōr uruvāya mānai amaiyā *

 kolaimali eyduvitta koḍiyōn ilaṅgai * poḍiyāha venṛi amaruḷ *

 silaimali señjaraṅgaḷ sela uytta naṅgaḷ * tirumāl namakku ōr araṇē    

“The Lord (Rāma) killed the magical deer which came along with other deer near the hut (in the forest) to separate Him from the charming mother Sītā with tormenting spear-like large eyes; then, on the battlefield the victorious Lord shot deadly arrows, from His majestic bow and powdered the city of Laṅkā of the cruel Rāvaṇa who was bent upon committing violence; that Lord is our matchless shelter.”     

1989 mun ulagaṅgaḷ ēḻum iruḷ maṇḍiyuṇṇa * mudalōḍu vīḍumaṛiyādu *

 ennidu? vandadu enna imaiyōr tihaippa * eḻil vedaminṛi maṛaiya **

 pinnum vānavarkkum munivarkkum nalhi * iruḷ tīrndu ivvaiyam magiḻa *

 annamadāy irundu aṅgu aṛanūl uraitta * adu nammai āḷum arasē    

“Once, darkness (of ignorance) covered all the planetary systems, and the demigods, who could not discern the source and its origin, uttered in distress, ‘What’s this? How it came suddenly?’ and also the precious Vedas disappeared; answering the prayers of the demigods and the saints, the dazzling Lord appeared as a swan, mercifully lifted the darkness and revealed the Vedic scriptures; that effulgent Lord is our ruler.” 

1990 tuṇainilai maṭṛemakku oruḷadenṛirādu * toḻumiṅgaḷ toṇḍar! * tolaiya

 uṇa mulai mun koḍutta uravōḷadāvi * ugavuṇḍu veṇṇey maruvi **

 paṇamulai āyar mādar uralōḍu kaṭṭa * adanōḍum ōḍi aḍal sēr *

 iṇai marudiṭṛu vīḻa naḍai kaṭṛa teṭṛal * vinai paṭṛaṛukkum vidiyē    

“O devotees, worship the Lord understanding well that He is our only shelter! When the demon Pūtanā came to kill Kaṇṇan and offered her poison-laced breast to suck, He sucked her life-air too and killed her; When He desired to eat butter (stole it and gobbled up), mother Yaśodā tied Him up to a mortar, and He crawled, dragging the mortar, in between the twin arjuna trees and brought them down; that merciful Lord will remove all our sins from the roots.”   

1991 * kolaikeḻu semmugatta kaḷiṛonṛu konṛu * koḍiyōn ilaṅgai poḍiyā *

 silaikeḻu señjaraṅgaḷ sela uytta naṅgaḷ * tirumālai vēlai puḍai sūḻ **

 kalikeḻu māḍavīdi vayal maṅgai mannu * kalikanṛi sonna panuval *

 olikeḻu pāḍal pāḍi uḻalhinṛa  toṇḍar * avar āḷvar umbar ulagē

“Those devotees who wander reciting these songs rendered by Tirumaṅgaiyāḻvār, who resides in Tirumaṅgai surrounded by the gushing river Kāverī and possesses broad streets and vast fields about the Lord who killed the demoniac and angry elephant and shot fiery arrows from His bow to devastate Laṅkā of the cruel Rāvaṇa will attain Vaikuṇṭha.”

1992 * mānamaru mennōkki * vaidēvi intuṇaiyā *

 kānamarum kalladar pōyk * kāḍuṛaindān kāṇēḍī! **

 kānamarum kalladar pōyk * kāḍuṛainda ponnaḍikkaḷ *

 vānavar tam senni * malar kaṇḍāy sāḻalē!     

(One lady tells her friend) “O my dear friend! (It is sad that) He (Rāma) along with Vaidehī (mother Sītā), His sweet wife who has deer-like soft eyes, walked on the rough forest paths and lived there; (the friend replies) ‘O my dear friend! Don’t you know that those golden feet which roamed in the forest on the rough paths are held on the heads of the demigods as flowers!”      

1993 tandai taḷai kaḻalat * tōnṛip pōy * āyppāḍi

 nandan kula madalaiyāy * vaḷarndān kāṇēḍī! **

 nandan kula madalaiyāy vaḷarndān * nānmugaṛkut

 tandai kāṇ * endai perumān kāṇ sāḻalē!       

One lady asks the other lady, “My dear friend! Do you know that Kaṇṇan, who appeared (in Mathurā) to remove the shackles from the legs of His father, had to go to Gokulam to grow as the son of Nanda Gopa?” The other lady replies, “Yes my dear friend, but He who grew up as a cowherd boy is the father of Brahmā and my Lord!”    

1994 āḻkaḍal sūḻ vaiyagattār * ēsap pōy * āyppāḍit

 tāḻ kuḻalār vaitta * tayir uṇḍān kāṇēḍī! **

 tāḻ kuḻalār vaitta * tayir uṇḍa pon vayiṛu * iv

 vēḻulagum uṇḍum * iḍamuḍaittāl sāḻalē!     

“My dear friend! The whole world mocks at Kaṇṇan for (stealing and) gobbling up the curd stored by the cowherd women.” “Yes my dear friend, isn’t it amazing that the golden stomach which kept the curd stored by the cowherd women kept all the planetary systems swallowed (by Him) and still had space for more!”      

1995 aṛiyādārkku * ānāyanāhip pōy * āyppāḍi

 uṛiyār naṛuveṇṇey * uṇḍugandān kāṇēḍī! **

 uṛiyār naṛuveṇṇey * uṇḍuganda pon vayiṭṛukku *

 eṛinīr ulaganaittum * eydādāl sāḻalē!       

“O friend! He became one of the innocent cowherd clan and happily (stole and) gobbled up fragrant butter stored in rope hangars.” “O friend, isn’t it amazing that all the planetary systems couldn’t fill up the stomach that happily kept the (stolen) fragrant butter stored in rope hangars!”    

1996 vaṇṇak karuṅguḻal * āycciyāl mottuṇḍu *

 kaṇṇik kuṛuṅgkayiṭṛāl * kaṭṭuṇḍān kāṇēḍī! **

 kaṇṇik kuṛuṅgkayiṭṛāl * kaṭṭuṇḍān āhilum *

 eṇṇaṛkariyan * imaiyōrkkum sāḻalē!         

“O friend! Kaṇṇan was beaten and bound up with a rough rope by the black and beautiful coiffured mother Yaśodā!” “O friend, though Kaṇṇan was beaten and bound up with a rough rope, He cannot be attained by thought even by the demigods!”     

1997 kanṛap paṛai kaṛaṅgak * kaṇḍavar tam kaṇ kaḷippa *

 manṛil marakkāl * kūttāḍinān kāṇēḍī! **

 manṛil marakkāl * kūttāḍinān āhilum *

 enṛum ariyan * imaiyōrkkum sāḻalē!        

“O friend! Kaṇṇan danced on wooden stilts in the crossroads to the amazement of all while the drums beat wildly and the onlookers cheered!” “O friend, that Kaṇṇan who danced on wooden stilts in the crossroads cannot ever be attained by the demigods!”     

1998 kōdaivēl aivarkkāy * maṇṇagalam kūṛiḍuvān *

 tūdanāy mannavanāl * solluṇḍān kāṇēḍī! **

 tūdanāy mannavanāl * solluṇḍān āhilum *

 ōdanīr vaiyagam * munnuṇḍu umiḻndān sāḻalē!   

“O friend! Kaṇṇan went as a messenger to ask for the kingdom for the Pāṇḍavas, who were wearing garlands and wielding spears, and was ridiculed by Duryodhana!” “O friend, don’t you know that though Kaṇṇan went as a messenger and was ridiculed by Duryodhana, He swallowed and kept all the planetary systems (in His stomach) and later brought them out?”  

1999 pār mannar maṅgap * paḍai toṭṭu veñjamattu *

 tēr mannarkkāy * anṛu tēr ūrndān kāṇēḍī! **

tēr mannarkkāy * anṛu tēr ūrndān āhilum *

 tār mannar taṅgaḷ * talai mēlān sāḻalē!     

“O friend! In the Mahābhārata war, where all the kings were killed, Kaṇṇan (broke His vow and) took up a weapon and supported Arjuna as his chariot driver!” “O friend, though Kaṇṇan supported Arjuna as his chariot driver, He stood tall above all those kings decorated with garlands!”

2000 kaṇḍār iraṅgak * kaḻiyak kuṛaḷ uruvāy *

 vaṇtārān vēḷviyil * maṇṇirandān kāṇēḍī! **

 vaṇtārān vēḷviyil * maṇṇirandān āhilum *

 viṇḍēḻulagukkum * mikkān kāṇ sāḻalē!    

“O friend! Kaṇṇan went as a very short brāhmaṇa, pitied by the onlookers, to the sacrificial arena of the very generous Bali and begged for (three feet of) land! “O friend, though Kaṇṇan went to the sacrificial arena of the very generous Bali and begged for (three feet of) land, He is Viṣṇu, the Supreme Lord in all the seven planetary systems!”

2001 * kaḷḷattāl māvaliyai * mūvaḍi maṇ koṇḍaḷandān *

 veḷḷattān vēṅgaḍattān * enbarāl kāṇēḍī! **

 veḷḷattān * veṅkaṭattānēlum * kalikanṛi

 uḷḷattin uḷḷē * uḷan kaṇḍāy sāḻalē!

“O friend! Don’t people say that Kaṇṇan, who cheated Bali and begged for three feet of land, but measured all the planetary systems is (hiding) in the Ocean of Milk or on Veṅkaṭa Hills?” “O dear friend, He may be in the Ocean of Milk or on Veṅkaṭa Hills, but know that He permanently resides in the heart of Tirumaṅgaiyāḻvār!”

2002 * mainninṛa karuṅgaḍalvāy ulaginṛi * vānavarum yāmumellām *

 neynninṛa cakkarattan tiruvayiṭṛil * neḍuṅgkālam kiḍandadōrīr **

 ennanṛi seydārā * ēdilōr deyvattai ēttuhinṛīr? *

 seynnanṛi kunṛēnmin * toṇḍarhāḷ! aṇḍanaiyē ēttīrhaḷē       

“O pious people! You don’t know that the dark ocean, all the planetary systems, demigods, all the living entities, and everything else have been swallowed and kept safely for a long time in the stomach of the Lord who wields the ghee-smeared luminant disc; in return for what benefits received by you from the demigods do you worship.”        

2003 nillāda peruveḷḷam * neḍuvisumbin mīdōḍi nimirnda kālam *

 mallāṇḍa taḍakkaiyāl * bahiraṇḍam agappaḍutta kālattu ** anṛu

 ellārum aṛiyārō? * emperumān uṇḍumiḻnda eccil dēvar *

 allādār tāmuḷarē? * avanaruḷē ulagāvadu aṛiyīrhaḷē?        

“When the swelling maha-pralaya covered even the sky, the Lord gathered all the planetary systems with His massive hands and kept safely in His stomach; don’t you know that at that time all the demigods were also swallowed and were spat out later and that there’s no demigod who wasn’t swallowed and spat out? Don’t you know that because of His mercy only that the world exists?”  

2004 neṭṛimēl kaṇṇānum * niṛaimoḻi vāy nānmuhanum nīṇḍa nālvāy *

 oṭṛaikkai veṇpagaṭṭin * oruvanaiyum uḷḷiṭṭa amararōḍum **

 veṭṛip pōrkkaḍal araiyan * viḻuṅgāmal tān viḻuṅgi uyyak koṇḍa *

koṭṛappōr āḻiyān * guṇam paravāc ciṛutoṇḍar koḍiyavāṛē!        

“The Lord, who wields the ever-victorious disc, protected Śiva with a third eye on the forehead, Brahmā who chants the Vedas, and the demigods headed by Indra who rides the white elephant Airāvata from the mahā-pralaya by swallowing and keeping them in His stomach; the (so called) pious people who do not praise the auspicious qualities of that merciful Lord are certainly wicked!”

2005 panip paravait tirai tadumbap * pārellām neḍuṅgkaḍalē āna kālam *

 inik kaḷaikaṇivarkkillai enṛu * ulagam ēḻinaiyum ūḻil vāṅgi **

 munittalaivan muḻaṅgkoḷi sēr * tiruvayiṭṛil vaittu ummai uyyak koṇḍa *

 kanikaḷavat tiruvuruvattu oruvanaiyē * kaḻal toḻumā kallīrhaḷē         

“When the mahā-pralaya waters flooded the world, the merciful Lord, to save the planetary systems, swallowed and kept them in His huge stomach; won’t you learn to worship the lotus feet of that protector, the master of the sages, and karonda fruit-hued Lord?”[1]  

2006 pārārum kāṇāmē * paravaimā neḍuṅgkaḍalē āna kālam *

 ārānum avanuḍaiya tiruvayiṭṛil * neḍuṅgkālam kiḍandadu ** uḷḷat

 tōrāda uṇarvilīr! uṇarudirēl * ulagaḷanda umbar kōmān *

 pērāḷan pērāna * pērgaḷ āyiraṅgkaḷumē pēsīrhaḷē       

“O fools! You don’t realise that when the earth was flooded by mahā-pralaya waters, you were lying dormant in the stomach of the Lord for a long time; if you realise the truth, chant the one thousand holy names of the glorious Lord who measured the earth and is the master of the eternally liberated souls.”  

2007 pēyirukkum neḍuveḷḷam * peruvisumbin mīdōḍip peruhu kālam *

 tāyirukkum vaṇṇamē * ummait tan vayiṭṛirutti uyyak koṇḍān **

 pōyirukka maṭṛiṅgōr * pudut deyvam koṇḍāḍum toṇḍīr! * peṭṛa

 tāyirukka maṇai vennīr āṭṭudirō? * māṭṭāda tagavaṭṛīrē         

“O pious people! When the mahā-pralaya waters covered even the sky, making the earth suitable only for devils and demons to stay, like a loving mother, the Lord saved You all by keeping everything in His stomach; to His great disgust, you are celebrating a demigod, akin to giving bath to a wood instead of the mother who delivered a baby (It was a custom to give bath to a wood instead of the new mother to avoid any health complications); alas! You have lost the opportunity to gain the mercy of the Lord which is very difficult to attain.”     

2008 maṇṇāḍum viṇṇāḍum * vānavarum dānavarum maṭṛumellām *

 uṇṇāda peruveḷḷam * uṇṇāmal tān viḻuṅgi uyyak koṇḍa **

 kaṇṇāḷan kaṇṇamaṅgai nagarāḷan * kaḻal sūḍi avanai uḷḷattu *

 eṇṇāda māniḍattai * eṇṇāda pōdellām iniyavāṛē          

“The Lord—who is very merciful and is the Lord of Tirukkaṇṇamaṅgai—protected the earth, the heaven, the demigods, the asuras, and every other objects from the devastating mahā-pralaya waters by swallowing and keeping them in His stomach; the time we spend ignoring those who do not remember that Lord, is really very sweet.”

2009 maṛam kiḷarndu karuṅgaḍal nīr * urandurandu parandēṛi aṇḍattu appāl *

puṛam kiḷarnda kālattup * ponnulagam ēḻinaiyum ūḻil vāṅgi **

aṛam kiḷarnda tiruvayiṭṛin * agampaḍiyil vaittu ummai uyyak koṇḍa *

niṛam kiḷarnda karuñjōdi * neḍuntagaiyai ninaiyādār nīsar tāmē      

“When the violent pralaya waters swelled and flooded everything, threatening to overflow beyond the coverings of the universe, the Lord, the protector of dharma, swallowed and kept the seven planetary systems in His stomach; those who do not meditate on that dark-hued, radiant Lord who saved you all are criminals.”      

2010 aṇḍattin mugaḍaḻunda * alaimunnīrt tirai tadumba ā!ā! enṛu *

 toṇḍarkkum amararkkum * munivarkkum tān aruḷi ** ulagam ēḻum

 uṇḍotta tiruvayiṭṛin * agampaḍiyil vaittu ummai uyyak koṇḍa *

 koṇḍaṛkai maṇivaṇṇan * taṇkuḍandai nagar pāḍi āḍīrgaḷē          

“When the pralaya waters swelled and pressed against the coverings of the universe, the Lord took pity on the devotees, demigods, and sages and swallowed all the planetary systems and kept them in His stomach exactly as they were; sing the glories of that Lord—who is merciful like a rain cloud, who is blue sapphire gemstone-hued, who is the Lord of Kumbakōṇam, and who delivered you all—and dance.”

2011 * devaraiyum asuraraiyum * tisaihaḷaiyum kaḍalhaḷaiyum maṭṛum muṭṛum *

 yāvaraiyum oḻiyāmē * emperumān uṇḍumiḻndadu aṛindu sonna **

 kāvaḷarum poḻil maṅgaik * kalikanṛi olimālai kaṭṛu vallār *

 pūvaḷarum tirumagaḷāl aruḷ peṭṛup * ponnulagil polivar tāmē

“Those devotees who realise and recite these songs rendered by Tirumaṅgaiyāḻvār, who is the chief of Tirumaṅgai which has many groves with fragrant flowers about how the Lord swallowed the demigods, asuras, directions, the seven oceans, and without leaving anything else and brought them out later will attain Vaikuṇṭha.”

[1] Karonda fruit: Carissa carandas; Common names in English include Bengal currant, Christ's thorn,[1] Carandas plum, Karonda, Karanda and Kanna

2012 * nīḷnāgam suṭṛi * neḍuvarai naṭṭu * āḻkaḍalaip

 pēṇān kaḍaindu * amudam koṇḍu uganda pemmānai **

 pūṇāra mārvanaip * puḷḷūrum ponmalaiyai *

 kāṇādār kaṇ enṛum * kaṇṇalla kaṇḍāmē     

“The Supreme Lord churned the Ocean of Milk with the long serpent Vāsuki as the rope, the huge Mandara mountain as the rod and gave the ambrosia to the demigods; His chest is adorned with many valuable jewels; and He is like a mountain of gold riding on His carrier Garuḍa; we have observed that the eyes of those which have not seen Him are not eyes at all.”

2013 nīḷvān kuṛaḷ uruvāy * ninṛirandu māvali maṇ *

 tāḷāl aḷaviṭṭa * takkaṇaikku mikkānai **

 tōḷāda māmaṇiyait * toṇḍarkku iniyānai *

 kēḷāc cevihaḷ * sevi alla kēṭṭāmē        

“The Lord went as Vāmana and expanded after begging three feet of land from Bali and measured the planetary systems; He is the most suitable for the best offerings; He is unpierced blue sapphire gemstone-hued; and He is very sweet to His devotees; we have heard that those ears which have not heard about (the glories of the) Lord are not ears at all.”  

2014 tūyānait * tūya maṛaiyānai * tennāli

 mēyānai * mēvāḷ uyiruṇḍu amuduṇḍa

 vāyānai ** mālai vaṇaṅgi * avan perumai

 pēsādār * pēccenṛum * pēccalla kēṭṭāmē       

“The Lord is immaculate; He is the holy Vedas; He resides in His favourite abode of Tiruvāli; He sucked the breast of the demon Pūtanā and (to cleanse His mouth He) sucked the nectar from His mother’s breast; we have heard that the words of those who do not bow down to that Lord and talk about His glories are not words at all.”  

2015 kūḍā iraṇiyanaik * kūrugirāl mārviḍanda *

 ōḍā aḍalariyai * umbarār kōmanai **

 tōḍār naṛuntuḻāy * mārvanai ārvattāl *

pāḍādār pāṭṭenṛum * pāṭṭalla kēṭṭāmē      

“The angry Lord cleaved the chest of Hiraṇyakaśipu with His sharp nails; He is the chief of the eternally liberated souls; His chest is adorned with a garland of fragrant tulasī leaves; we have heard that the songs which do not glorify the Lord are not songs at all.”   

2016 maiyār kaḍalum * maṇivaraiyum māmugilum *

 koyyār kuvaḷaiyum * kāyāvum pōnṛu iruṇḍa

 meyyānai ** meyya malaiyānaic * caṅgēndum

 kaiyānai * kaitoḻāk * kaiyalla kaṇḍāmē     

“The Lord is dark bluish-hued like the dark ocean, the bluish gemstone-hued mountain, the fresh rain cloud, the desirable dark blue lotus and the dark blue ironwood flower; He resides in Tirumeyyam; He wields the conch in His hand; we know that those hands which do not fold together in supplication to Him are not hands at all.”   

2017 kaḷḷār tuḻāyum * kaṇavalarum kūviḷaiyum *

 muḷḷār muḷariyum * āmbalum mun kaṇḍakkāl **

 puḷḷāy ōr ēnamāyp * pukkiḍandān ponnaḍikku enṛu *

 uḷḷādār uḷḷattai * uḷḷamāk koḷḷōmē        

“We don’t consider the heart of one—who when he sees the fragrant tulasī leaves, Indian oleander flower, wood apple, thorny lotus flower, and blue lotus flower—does not think that they should be offered to the lotus feet of the Lord who appeared as a haṁsa, a boar to bring out the earth is a heart at all.”    

2018 kanaiyār kaḍalum * karuviḷaiyum kāyāvum

 anaiyānai * anbināl ārvattāl ** enṛum

 sunaiyār malariṭṭut * toṇḍarāy ninṛu *

 ninaiyādār neñju enṛum * neñjalla kaṇḍāmē     

“We know that the heart of one—who is not a devotee meditating always on the Lord whose body hue resembles that of the stormy ocean, asian pigeonwing flower, or ironwood flower and who does not bring flowers from the lakes and offer to that Lord with love and enthusiasm—is never a heart at all.”   

2019 veṛiyār karuṅgkūndal * āycciyar vaitta *

 uṛiyār naṛuveṇṇey * tān ugandu uṇḍa

 siṛiyānai ** seṅgaṇeḍiyānaic * cindittu

 aṛiyādār * enṛum aṛiyādār         

“We know that those who do not even think of that Kaṇṇan who gobbled up the fragrant butter stored in the pots in the rope hangars by the cowherd women who have fragrant black hair and the Supreme Lord who has reddish eyes are forever ignorant.”   

2020 * tēnōḍu vaṇḍālum * tirumāliruñjōlai *

 tān iḍamāk koṇḍān * taḍamalark kaṇṇikkāy **

 ānviḍaiyēḻ anṛaḍarttāṛku * āḷānār allādār *

 māniḍavar allar enṛu * en manattē vaittēnē     

“I have decided that those who do not become servants of the Lord who resides in Tirumāliruñjōlai where the bumblebees drink the honey and keep humming and who tamed seven demoniac bulls for the sake of Nappinnai who has large eyes like the fragrant water-lily do not belong to the human race at all.”  

2021 * meynninṛa pāvam ahala * tirumālaik

 kainninṛa āḻiyān * sūḻum kaḻal sūḍi **

 kainninṛa vēṛkaik * kaliyan olimālai *

 aiyonṛum aindum * ivai pāḍi āḍuminē     

“Please dance and recite these ten songs—rendered by Tirumaṅgaiyāḻvār, who keeps the on his head the lotus feet of the omnipresent Lord who wields the disc in His hand and is the consort of mother Lakṣmī—and get rid of your sinful reactions.”

2022 * māṭṛamuḷa * āhilum solluvan * makkaḷ

 tōṭṛak kuḻi * tōṭṛuvippāy kol? enṛu innam **

 āṭṛaṅgkarai vāḻ maram pōla * añjuhinṛēn *

nāṭṛac cuvai * ūṛu oliyāhiya nambī!     

“O my Lord, who has transformed as the smell, taste, touch, and sound! (When I complain to You that You have not delivered me) I know that You will negate my complaint (saying that I have bound myself to material sense gratification). Anyway, I want to convey that I am afraid that You will put me in a womb (from which persons who are forced to take birth because of their bad karmā) and take birth again (in this dangerous material world) like a tree on the bank of a river (which may face many dangers).”

2023 sīṭṛamuḷa * āhilum seppuvan * makkaḷ

 tōṭṛak kuḻi * tōṭṛuvippāy kol enṛu añji **

 kāṭṛattu iḍaippaṭṭa * kalavar manam pōla *

 āṭṛat tuḷaṅgā niṛpan * āḻi valavā!     

“O Lord, the expert disc wielder! Though I know You are angry that I have committed many faults, I appeal to You (as I do not have any other shelter) that I tremble in fear that You will put me in a womb (from which persons who are forced to take birth because of their bad karmā) and take birth again (in this dangerous material world) like those on a ship which is caught in a whirlwind.”

2024 tūṅgār piṛavikkaḷ * innam pugappeydu *

 vāṅgāy enṛu sindittu * nān adaṛku añji **

 pāmbōḍu oru kūraiyilē * payinṛāṛ pōl *

 tāṅgādu uḷḷam taḷḷum * en tāmaraik kaṇṇā!   

“O my Lord with lotus-like eyes! I am worried that You may not protect me from taking many troublesome births again and again; thinking about those births, which are like living with a snake in the same house, my heart trembles in fear.” 

2025 uruvār piṛavikkaḷ innam * pugappeydu *

 tirivāy enṛu sinditti * enṛu adaṛku añji **

 irupāḍu eri koḷḷiyin * uḷ eṛumbē pōl *

 uruhā niṛkum * en uḷḷam ūḻi mudalvā!    

“O Lord saviour of pralaya! I am afraid that You think of making me take birth in many forms again and again; my heart melts in fear like an ant suffering caught in between a fire on either side.”    

2026 koḷḷak kuṛaiyāda * iḍumbaik kuḻiyil *

 taḷḷi pugappeydi kol? * enṛu adaṛku añji **

 veḷḷattu iḍaippaṭṭa * nariyinam pōlē *

 uḷḷam tuḷaṅgā niṛpan * ūḻi mudalvā!    

“O Lord saviour of pralaya! I am afraid that You may push me in to the womb pit again and again to take birth in different forms undergoing unlimited misery; my heart trembles in fear like a skulk of foxes suffering caught in a flood.”    

2027 * paḍai ninṛa * paintāmaraiyōḍu * aṇi nīlam

 maḍai ninṛu alarum * vayalāli maṇāḷā! **

 iḍaiyan eṛinda maramē * ottirāmē *

 aḍaiya aruḷāy * enakku undan aruḷē     

“O bridegroom Lord of the city of Tiruvāli where in the fields lotus and blue lotus vines that have escaped from being crushed by the plough (are plucked like weeds and thrown and) lie in the water canal and from which flowers bloom; instead of lying (half dead) like the trees cut down by the cowherd men (for the cattle to feed on), please be merciful to me and help this poor soul attain You.”  

2028 * vēmbin puḻu * vēmbanṛi uṇṇādu * aḍiyēn

 nān pinnum * un sēvaḍi anṛi nayavēn **

 tēmbal iḷantiṅgaḷ * siṛai viḍuttu * aivāyp

 pāmbin aṇaip * paḷḷi koṇḍāy parañjōdī!

“O Lord, who reclines on the five-headed Ananta Śeṣa! One who relieved the moon from the curse of waning; O radiant brahma-jyoti! A worm born in a neem tree will eat only the neem leaves and other edible parts and nothing else; similarly, as Your servant, even if You reject me, I do not want anything else other than Your lotus feet.”     

2029 * aṇiyār poḻil sūḻ * araṅga nagarappā! *

 tuṇiyēn ini * nin aruḷ alladu enakku **

 maṇiyē! maṇi māṇikkamē! * madhusūdā! *

 paṇiyāy enakku uyyum vahai * parañjōdī!    

“O my father residing in the city of Śrīraṅgam which is surrounded by lovely groves! From now, I do not want anything other than Your mercy; O blue-sapphire gemstone-hued Lord! O one who is like a precious gemstone! O killer of Madhu demon! O radiant Lord! Kindly show me the way to attain You.” 

2030 * nandā naragattu aḻundā vahai * nāḷum

 endāy! toṇḍarānavarkku * innaruḷ seyvāy **

 sandōgā! talaivanē! * tāmaraik kaṇṇā! *

 andō! aḍiyēṛku * aruḷāy unnaruḷē    

“O my father! You are always very merciful to relieve the devotees from the eternal hell of material life! O one who knows the Vedas! O Supreme Lord! One with eyes like lotus! I beg You, please be merciful to me!   

2031 * kunṛam eḍuttu * ānirai kāttavan tannai *

manṛil pugaḻ * maṅgai man kalikanṛi sol **

 onṛu ninṛa onbadum * vallavar tam mēl *

 enṛum vinaiyāyina * sāragillāvē     

“Those who realise and recite these ten songs—rendered by Tirumaṅgaiyāḻvār, who is eulogised everywhere about Lord Kaṇṇan who held Govardhana Hills as an umbrella to protect the herds of cows—will never be afflicted by sinful reactions.”